Ringfort (Rath), Bawnea By., Co. Cork
Co. Cork |
Ringforts
Most of this ringfort has been swallowed by the ordinary business of farming.
A modern field fence now traces the circuit where an ancient earthwork once stood, and only a short arc running from the west-north-west to the north-north-west still shows what the original enclosure looked like: a bank rising to one and a half metres, with a shallow external fosse, or ditch, running alongside it at half a metre deep. That surviving fragment is enough to make the scale legible. The interior measures roughly thirty-two metres north to south and thirty metres east to west, placing it comfortably within the range of the hundreds of similar enclosures scattered across Cork and the wider Irish countryside.
Ringforts, known in the Irish landscape as raths when built from earthen banks and ditches, were the dominant farmstead type of early medieval Ireland, broadly from the fifth to the twelfth centuries. They were not military fortifications in the conventional sense but enclosed homesteads, the circular bank and fosse marking a household's boundary against livestock straying and, to some degree, casual raiding. This particular example sits on the western shoulder of an east-west ridge in pasture land in the Bawnea townland of County Cork. The ridge position is typical; a slight elevation offered drainage, visibility across the surrounding ground, and a degree of natural advantage that early farmers understood very well. The fact that so much of the earthwork has been replaced by modern fencing is equally typical. Across Ireland, ringforts have been quietly absorbed into the field systems of subsequent centuries, their banks levelled, their ditches filled, their outlines surviving mainly as slight undulations or, as here, in the odd surviving section that happened to be left alone.