Ringfort (Rath), Ballcatteen, Co. Cork

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Ringforts

Ringfort (Rath), Ballcatteen, Co. Cork

On an east-facing slope in Ballcatteen, County Cork, a low oval bank curves through the grassland, and if you knew what you were looking at you might recognise it as one of the thousands of ringforts that once formed the basic unit of early medieval rural life in Ireland.

A ringfort, or rath, was typically a circular or oval enclosure defined by one or more earthen banks and ditches, used as a farmstead and sometimes a place of refuge from roughly the fifth to the twelfth century. What makes this one quietly interesting is how much of its original form can still be read in the landscape, even in a heavily worn state.

The site was already recorded on the Ordnance Survey six-inch map of 1842, where it appeared as a circular enclosure with an outer bank and a central scarped platform, a raised and levelled area that would once have been the main activity space within the enclosure. A trackway ran along its western edge at that time. Today the enclosure measures roughly 27 metres north to south and 36 metres east to west, and the bank that defines it survives to a maximum height of just 1.4 metres, considerably lower than it would once have been. On the north-east side, the bank merges with a modern field boundary, the kind of quiet absorption that has preserved many ringforts while also gradually obscuring them. There is no surviving fosse, the term for the external ditch that typically accompanied such banks, though a growth of gorse to the north-east may follow the line of the inner platform. A possible original entrance sits to the north-west, though numerous gaps have opened elsewhere over the centuries.

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