Field system, Greenan, Co. Sligo

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Field system, Greenan, Co. Sligo

Aerial photographs taken over the Bricklieve Mountains in 1968 reveal something that has since largely disappeared from view: an extensive pattern of ancient field boundaries spreading across roughly 500 metres by 300 metres of upland limestone terrain near Greenan in County Sligo.

The walls, now reduced in most places to low, sod-covered jumbles of stone about a metre wide, once divided the east-facing ridge slopes into irregular and subrectangular plots, their shapes dictated not by any geometric plan but by the natural contours of the hillside and the underlying bedding planes of the limestone. Below them, a flat valley holds a small lake, Lough Gowra, which would have made this elevated agricultural landscape all the more self-contained.

What makes the site particularly dense is what was built within the field system alongside the walls themselves. Several cashels, which are stone-built ringforts characteristic of early medieval Ireland, are clustered here, along with at least one rath, the earthen equivalent of a cashel, an enclosure, two cairns, hut sites, and a kerb circle, which is a ring of upright or closely set stones often associated with prehistoric funerary or ceremonial use. The accumulation of monument types suggests the landscape was used across a very long period rather than in a single phase of settlement. To complicate the picture further, the sod-covered foundations of a number of rectangular houses, measuring roughly eight to eleven metres in length and between three and five metres in width, also survive within the system; these are thought to date from the eighteenth or nineteenth century, meaning that relatively recent agricultural activity overlapped with structures potentially thousands of years older.

A portion of the field system, in the area between one of the cashels and the rath, has been levelled, and the walls that do survive are fragmentary enough that the overall layout is now hard to read at ground level. The 1968 aerial photographs remain the clearest record of the system as a coherent whole, a reminder of how much upland archaeology becomes legible only from above, and how quietly it can dissolve back into the hillside.

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