Bivallate enclosure, Carrowkeel, Co. Roscommon
Co. Roscommon |
Ringforts
In a field of reclaimed pasture on the south-facing slope of a ridge in Carrowkeel, County Roscommon, there is nothing to see.
The grass grows flat and unremarkable, and the earthworks that once defined this place have been absorbed entirely into agricultural land. Only from the air does the monument reveal itself, in the form of parch marks, those dry-summer ghosts of buried or flattened features where differential soil moisture causes the grass to brown along the lines of old banks and ditches, tracing a D-shaped outline roughly 75 metres east to west.
The shape and structure of the enclosure are genuinely ambiguous, and that ambiguity is part of what makes it interesting. The Ordnance Survey maps of 1837 and 1914 both recorded the monument as a truncated D-shape, with at least two banks cut off at the south, presumably by later field boundaries. A survey by Gannon in 1972 described three earthen banks and two fosses arranged in a semicircle, which would make this a trivallate enclosure, that is, one ringed by three concentric banks rather than the single bank typical of a simple rath or ringfort. Aerial photographs show a berm, a flat platform of ground, about 13 metres wide developing between the inner and outer parch marks on the western side, and a possible third outer bank is visible to the north-east. A rath was a roughly circular earthwork enclosure used as a farmstead in early medieval Ireland; a ring-barrow was a funerary monument of similar form but considerably earlier date. Whether this was a defended homestead or a burial monument, or something more elaborate again, remains unresolved. The inner enclosure measures approximately 35 metres east to west and 30 metres north to south, a scale consistent with either function.