Building, Kilferagh, Co. Kilkenny
Co. Kilkenny |
Utility Structures
What now lies under tillage about a kilometre west of the River Nore was once, for a brief century or so, a working medieval farmstead, complete with a corn-drying kiln, a yard, a hearth, and at least the ghost of a house.
None of it is visible today. The whole complex came to light only because a gas pipeline was being laid between Cork and Dublin in 1981 and 1982, and the route happened to cut across this particular patch of undulating Kilkenny ground.
The excavation, reported by Hurley in 1987, uncovered two roughly parallel ditches running north-north-west to south-south-east, between one and two and a half metres apart. The wider western ditch, about eleven metres in length, curved slightly northward and continued beyond the edge of the cutting, suggesting it was part of something considerably larger. Clustered near it were several structures: scant stone wall foundations pointing to a house, a corn-drying kiln with its associated yard and hearth, and a semi-circular V-shaped trench interpreted, with some caution, as a barn. The barn interpretation rested largely on dense concentrations of charred seed remains found inside it, along with clay fired to a bright red and a substantial deposit of charcoal, read as the burnt remnants of a wattle wall. Analysis of the charcoal identified ash and oak for the larger posts, with willow and blackthorn used for the wattle wands, the flexible rods woven between uprights to form the wall panels. Steps at the south-east angle of this structure appear to have led down into the yard. Medieval pottery dated to the late thirteenth or early fourteenth century was found across all the structures, and the settlement seems to have gone out of use by the late fourteenth or early fifteenth century, at which point the ditches were backfilled. The wider ditch, given its scale and the concentration of structures along its inner edge, was tentatively identified as the fosse of an enclosed manorial farmstead, sometimes called a moated site, a form of defended rural enclosure common in Anglo-Norman Ireland from the thirteenth century onward. The excavated area was small, roughly ten to twelve metres north to south by twenty-five metres east to west, and much of the site remains unexamined beneath the field.