Enclosure, Ballybeg, Co. Tipperary
Co. Tipperary |
Enclosures
Sometimes the most compelling archaeological sites are the ones that have almost entirely ceased to exist.
On the western bank of the River Suir in County Tipperary, in a flat agricultural valley given over to tillage, a once-distinct enclosure has been levelled by centuries of farming. What remains is a barely perceptible rise in the north-east corner of a field, a modest swelling of earth that could easily be dismissed as a natural irregularity in the ground.
Old Ordnance Survey maps tell a more detailed story. The first edition six-inch map, published in 1840, shows the site sitting within a wooded area, already a notable enough feature to be recorded. By the time the second edition appeared in 1907, surveyors were able to hachure it, a draughting technique used to indicate raised or sloped ground, as a roughly circular form measuring approximately 26 metres north to south and 22 metres east to west. The 25-inch Ordnance Survey map adds further nuance, depicting an oval raised area of around 28 metres on its north-east to south-west axis, within which a horseshoe-shaped depression, open to the north-west and defined by a bank in the south-west quadrant, was still visible. Enclosures of this kind, circular or oval earthworks typically formed by a bank and sometimes a ditch, are found widely across Ireland and are associated variously with settlement, agriculture, or ritual use, though their purposes vary considerably by period and context. Whatever this one once enclosed or sheltered, the flat river valley and its farming demands have gradually erased the evidence above ground.
The progressive flattening of the monument across those decades of map-making is itself a quiet record of attrition. Between 1840 and the early twentieth century the woodland that once surrounded it was cleared, and the earthwork shrank in definition with each successive survey. Now only that faint north-eastern rise suggests something was once here at all.