Enclosure, Ballycore, Co. Wicklow
Co. Wicklow |
Enclosures
Some of the most significant archaeological sites in Ireland are entirely invisible to anyone standing on them.
At Ballycore in County Wicklow, a circular enclosure roughly 45 metres in diameter lies beneath farmland at the foot of a steep-sided ridge, with higher ground rising to the north-west and north-east. There is nothing to see at ground level. The enclosure was ploughed out, according to local information, a long time ago, and the landscape gives no hint that anything was ever there.
What survives is an impression in the earth, and knowledge of it comes almost entirely from the air. An aerial photograph captured the site as a cropmark, the faint but readable difference in growth that appears when buried features, in this case a fosse, affect the soil moisture and nutrients above them. A fosse is simply a ditch, typically one that once defined the outer boundary of an enclosed settlement or ceremonial space. Circular enclosures of this kind are found across Ireland and can range widely in date and function, from early medieval ringforts used as farmsteads to prehistoric enclosures whose purposes remain debated. The Ballycore example sits on level ground in a geographically sheltered position, a placement consistent with many enclosed settlements that favoured flat, workable land while keeping higher ground nearby.
Because the site is not visible at ground level and exists within what is now ordinary agricultural land, there is nothing a visitor would recognise on approach. Its significance lies less in what can be experienced in person and more in what the aerial record preserves: the outline of something that was once deliberately built, used, and eventually lost to centuries of farming.