Enclosure, Castlegar, Co. Galway

Co. Galway |

Enclosures

Enclosure, Castlegar, Co. Galway

In a field near Castlegar in County Galway, a circle roughly 37 metres across has been almost entirely erased from the landscape.

What remains is a barely perceptible scarp, a low edge in the earth so slight that it would be easy to walk across it without registering anything unusual. The one more legible clue is botanical rather than architectural: a band of nettles that may trace the line of a fosse, the ditch that once ran around the outside of the enclosure. Nettles thrive in disturbed or nutrient-rich ground, and they have a long history of colonising the edges of earthworks long after the earthworks themselves have lost their shape.

Circular enclosures of this kind are a broad category in Irish archaeology, and their purposes varied considerably. Some were associated with settlement, others with ritual or burial, and many remain difficult to classify with certainty. What can be said of this one is that it sat on gently undulating ground, and that it did not stand alone. A ringfort, a type of enclosed farmstead typical of the early medieval period in Ireland, lies approximately 120 metres to the southwest. The proximity of the two sites suggests this corner of north Galway was occupied and organised over a considerable stretch of time, even if the precise relationship between the enclosure and the ringfort is now impossible to read from the surface.

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