Enclosure, Garryduff, Co. Tipperary
Co. Tipperary |
Enclosures
In a field of rolling pasture in County Tipperary, the land does something almost imperceptible: it drops away by about a metre in a slow, curving line, tracing a circle roughly 37 metres across.
To most eyes passing through Garryduff, it would read as nothing more than a gentle undulation in the grass. In fact, it is the ghost of an enclosure, a circular earthwork whose original banks have been ploughed and worn down over centuries until only this faint scarp remains to mark where they once stood.
Circular enclosures of this kind are common features of the Irish landscape, often the eroded remnants of ringforts, the enclosed farmsteads that served as the basic unit of rural settlement throughout the early medieval period, roughly from the fifth to the twelfth century. Whether this particular example was a defended homestead, a livestock enclosure, or something else entirely is not recorded, but its presence on an east-facing slope, at a slight break in the gradient, is fairly typical of how such sites were positioned, oriented to catch morning light and set where the ground offered a natural degree of shelter or drainage. What gives this one a certain documentary interest is its longevity in the cartographic record. It appears as a circular enclosure on the first edition Ordnance Survey six-inch map of 1840, and again on the revised edition produced between 1904 and 1905, meaning that even as the earthwork itself was being gradually reduced by agricultural activity, surveyors on two separate occasions judged it sufficiently legible to plot and record. The feature visible today is therefore not a discovery so much as a survivor, something that has been slowly losing definition for at least two hundred years while remaining just distinct enough to hold its place on the map.