Enclosure, Kilmore, Co. Galway

Co. Galway |

Enclosures

Enclosure, Kilmore, Co. Galway

In a stretch of undulating Galway grassland, a low oval outline in the ground marks something that was once deliberately enclosed, though by whom and for what purpose nobody can now say with certainty.

The earthwork at Kilmore is not the kind of site that announces itself. It survives poorly, its form legible only once you know to look for the subtle rise of an earthen bank curving from the south-east around through the south to the north-west, and elsewhere softening further into a scarp, a term describing a slope where the ground simply drops away rather than building into a proper bank. The whole oval runs roughly 32 metres on its north-east to south-west axis and about 20.5 metres across the other way.

Enclosures of this general kind are scattered across the Irish landscape and represent several thousand years of human activity, from prehistoric farmsteads to early medieval ringforts, a ringfort being essentially a circular or oval area enclosed by one or more earthen banks and ditches, typically used as a defended homestead or farmyard. Without excavation it is rarely possible to assign a precise date or function to a poorly preserved example like this one. What can be said is that a field bank, a more recent agricultural boundary, wraps around the monument from the south through the west to the north-west, suggesting that later farming activity has both partially obscured the original structure and, in a way, inadvertently helped preserve it by incorporating it into the field system rather than ploughing it out entirely.

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