Enclosure, Kiltinan, Co. Tipperary
Co. Tipperary |
Enclosures
An oval earthen enclosure sitting on a south-east-facing slope above the Clashawley River in County Tipperary sounds, on paper, like a fairly straightforward piece of ancient fieldwork.
What makes this particular example quietly unsettling is the degree to which the land itself has conspired against it. The interior has been quarried out so extensively, particularly across the northern and eastern quadrants, that large hollows now dominate where the original ground surface once lay. Mature trees have taken root around the edges of these depressions, and the rest of the interior is choked with thistles and nettles, lending the whole enclosure an atmosphere less of preservation than of slow absorption back into the landscape.
The earthwork itself is roughly oval, measuring approximately 58 metres north to south and 68 metres east to west. Earthen enclosures of this type, sometimes called ringforts or raths depending on their precise form and function, were the most common type of settlement in early medieval Ireland, typically used as farmsteads with the surrounding bank offering protection for livestock and household. Here, the bank survives to a width of between three and four and a half metres at its crest and up to seven metres at its base, though it has eroded significantly along the northern, eastern, and south-eastern sides. On the upslope north-western side it sits lower to the exterior, a detail that reflects the natural gradient of the hillside rather than any later damage. A gap of about one and a half metres has been broken through the southern quadrant, and a small quarry immediately south-east of the monument has bitten further into the bank on that side, compounding the erosion elsewhere.