Enclosure, Leggetsrath, Co. Kilkenny
Co. Kilkenny |
Enclosures
In a grass field in County Kilkenny, a low oval earthen bank traces out a space roughly 28 metres north to south and 33 metres east to west.
At its centre stands a granite pillar stone, rising about a metre from the ground. The church that once occupied this enclosure has left no mark whatsoever at ground level, yet the ring that defined its precinct has survived, quietly legible in the landscape, and the stone at its heart turns out to be considerably more than it appears.
Writing in 1905, the historian William Carrigan noted that local people still called this the "churchfield," and that the field immediately to the south was known as the "Killeen," a term meaning little church, preserving in name what had vanished in substance. A killeen in Irish tradition typically refers to a small burial ground, often associated with unbaptised children or with an older ecclesiastical site, and here the name clung to the land long after any physical structure had disappeared. A later researcher, O'Kelly, recorded in 1969 that the field to the east, in the neighbouring townland of Cellarstown, was similarly known as "the Cillín," the Irish diminutive for church or cell. The field-name evidence alone suggests a site that once had genuine local significance. That significance deepened when investigations within the enclosure, carried out by Prendergast and published in 1964, uncovered a large ringed cross-head nearby, indicating that the upright granite pillar is not simply a standing stone but almost certainly the shaft of a high cross. A high cross, with its characteristic ringed head joining the arms, was a form of monumental Christian sculpture that flourished in Ireland from roughly the eighth century onwards, often marking places of worship or pilgrimage of some importance. The enclosure itself, a roughly oval area defined by a low earthen bank, is the kind of curvilinear boundary commonly associated with early Irish ecclesiastical sites, where a raised or ditched perimeter demarcated the sacred ground of a church and its surrounding community.
