Enclosure, Outeragh, Co. Tipperary

Co. Tipperary |

Enclosures

Enclosure, Outeragh, Co. Tipperary

A large earthwork enclosure in Outeragh, Co. Tipperary is most easily seen from the air, and in some respects only from the air.

On the ground, walking across the flat hilltop pasture, there is almost nothing to see. The landowner levelled the monument roughly twenty years before the most recent survey, and the northern side has left no visible trace above ground at all. What remains is a cropmark, the kind of ghostly outline that shows up in dry summers when buried ditches hold moisture differently from the surrounding soil, causing the grass above them to grow at a slightly different rate or colour. From a low-flying aircraft the roughly D-shaped plan emerges clearly, around 100 metres in diameter, with that characteristically straight northern edge and the southern and eastern quadrants curling around the base of the hill.

The enclosure was not always invisible. When Cahill visited in 1982, a bank was still discernible, along with part of the fosse, which is the outer ditch that typically accompanies such earthworks, and there were internal divisions visible within the enclosure itself. A Cambridge University aerial photograph from 13 July 1966 shows it upstanding and grass-covered, defined by scarp rather than a raised bank, suggesting the earthwork was already subdued even then. The Ordnance Survey six-inch map of 1901 to 1905 hints at something more complex still: a scarp running parallel to the south-eastern quadrant at a distance of about 20 metres, which would indicate an outer enclosing element, a possible second circuit around the whole structure. This outer feature shows up on the 1966 aerial photograph as a bank partially obscured by trees. A north-south bank or ditch may also have divided the interior, though whether this was part of the original design or a later addition is unclear. A bivallate ringfort, meaning a ringfort enclosed by two concentric banks and ditches rather than one, sits about 150 metres to the north-east, and a smaller enclosure occupies the western edge of the same monument, suggesting the hilltop was a focus of activity across more than one period.

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Pete F
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