Enclosure, Rathclarish, Co. Tipperary

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Enclosures

Enclosure, Rathclarish, Co. Tipperary

In the reclaimed pasture of Rathclarish, Co. Tipperary, a large oval enclosure measuring roughly 70 to 100 metres across once occupied flat ground sloping gently to the north-west.

About thirty years ago it was bulldozed level. And yet it has not entirely disappeared. A low rise still traces the monument's outline, most clearly along its northern and western edges, where a scarp roughly three metres wide and just over thirty centimetres high betrays what was once a substantial earthwork. A band of unusually lush grass along the western interior edge may mark the line of a former fosse, the defensive ditch that would have encircled a ringfort, the type of enclosed farmstead that was the dominant settlement form in early medieval Ireland. Fragments of quern stones, the hand-operated grinding stones used to process grain, were unearthed during the demolition and, according to local account, reburied on the spot.

What gives this site an additional layer of interest is a document held in the National Folklore Collection: the Fogarty Manuscript of 1851. An annotated sketch plan of the ringfort in that manuscript describes an inner fosse or trench some ten feet deep and an outer fosse on the eastern side of comparable depth. It also records a spring water course running through the centre of the monument from north to south, with trenches fenced on each side, a detail corroborated by the 1906 Ordnance Survey six-inch map, which marks a spring rising within the enclosure and a stream flowing north-west from it. On the same page of the manuscript, a boulder carrying rock art is illustrated and noted as having been dug from a 'motte or forth on the NW side of the pass of Rathclarish', approximately 180 metres distant. Whether that phrase refers to the Rathclarish ringfort itself or to a separate enclosure in the north-western part of the same townland, which appears on the 1906 map but has likewise since been levelled, remains uncertain. The rock art boulder is recorded separately, its precise origin unresolved, caught between two monuments that have both largely ceased to exist above ground.

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