Enclosure, Rathmore, Co. Tipperary
Co. Tipperary |
Enclosures
A field in Rathmore, County Tipperary looks unremarkable at first glance, its surface levelled and tidy.
But the soil tells a different story. Where an ancient enclosure once stood, the earth turns distinctly black, visibly richer and darker than the surrounding ground. That discolouration is one of the few remaining clues to a complex of enclosures that has otherwise largely vanished from the surface, surviving now mainly as a memory in the ground itself.
The site was first identified not by excavation but from the air, picked out as a cropmark on aerial photography. Cropmarks appear when buried features, ditches, walls, or pits, cause variations in the growth or colour of crops above them, making structures invisible at ground level suddenly legible from altitude. What the photographs revealed was an irregular enclosure roughly 90 metres north to south and 25 metres east to west, sitting on the slopes of a natural north-south ridge. Its relationship to a large sub-rectangular enclosure immediately to its west is unresolved: the two may have been connected, attached at the north-east corner, or the western side of the irregular enclosure may simply have been destroyed when the sub-rectangular one was constructed. Two smaller conjoined enclosures extend from the complex to the south-east, suggesting a settlement that grew and changed over time. About 300 metres to the south, on the crest of the same ridge, sits the ringfort known as Rathmore, a circular earthwork of the kind that served as a defended farmstead during the early medieval period, roughly 500 to 1200 AD. The clustering of these features along a single ridge points to a landscape that was continuously occupied and reorganised across many generations.
The field has since been levelled by the landowner, erasing the subtle undulations that once hinted at the buried ditches below. What persists is that patch of unusually dark soil, concentrated precisely where the enclosure lay, organic residue from centuries of human activity worked into the ground and not yet dispersed.