Enclosure, Rathronan, Co. Tipperary

Co. Tipperary |

Enclosures

Enclosure, Rathronan, Co. Tipperary

Some of the most revealing traces of early Irish settlement are invisible at ground level, showing themselves only from above, as subtle discolourations in growing crops.

At Rathronan in County Tipperary, one such trace has come to light through satellite imagery: a roughly oval enclosure, measuring approximately 52 metres on its northeast-to-southwest axis and around 32 metres across, defined by a fosse, which is a rock-cut or earthen ditch, and detectable as a cropmark rather than any visible earthwork. Cropmarks form when buried features affect how plants grow above them, producing telltale differences in crop colour and height that only become apparent when viewed from altitude at the right season.

The enclosure was identified and reported by Jean-Charles Caillère, who noticed the feature on Apple Maps satellite imagery. Within the interior, slightly south of centre, there is a suggestion of a second, much smaller circular enclosure, roughly 10 metres in diameter, also defined by a fosse. The relationship between the two is not yet understood. A further curvilinear feature lies approximately 10 metres to the southwest, though this may not be archaeological at all; the current assessment is that it could result from natural water pooling in the soil. A stream runs roughly north to south about 100 metres to the east, a detail that would have made the location practical for any settled community, since reliable water sources were a routine consideration in where enclosures were sited during the early medieval period, when this form of enclosed settlement was common across Ireland.

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