Enclosure, Shanonagh, Co. Westmeath

Co. Westmeath |

Enclosures

Enclosure, Shanonagh, Co. Westmeath

In a field near Shanonagh in County Westmeath, something lurks just below the surface, invisible at ground level but legible from the sky.

A circular cropmark roughly eighteen metres in diameter shows up clearly in aerial photography, its outline formed not by any surviving wall or earthwork but by the differential growth of crops above buried archaeology. Where ancient ditches or pits were dug and later filled in, the soil retains moisture differently from the ground around it, and in dry summers that contrast can make buried features visible as faint discolourations in a growing crop, darker or lighter than their surroundings depending on conditions.

This particular mark was identified from a Google Earth orthoimage captured on the 22nd of July 2021, a date worth noting because late July, when crops are tall and moisture stress is most pronounced, is often when cropmarks show most clearly. The find was compiled by Caimin O'Brien, working from details supplied by Jean-Charles Caillère, and uploaded to the record in November 2021. The circular shape, at around eighteen metres across, is consistent with a ringfort or enclosure of the early medieval period, though without excavation the date and function of whatever lies beneath cannot be confirmed. Ringforts, which were typically enclosed farmsteads surrounded by one or more earthen banks and ditches, are among the most common archaeological monument types in Ireland, with tens of thousands known. Many more almost certainly remain unrecognised beneath ploughed-out fields like this one.

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