Graveslab, Callan, Co. Kilkenny
Co. Kilkenny |
Tombs & Memorials
Flat on the floor of St Mary's church in Callan, Co. Kilkenny, a large limestone graveslab invites anyone who walks over it to read its terms: pray for the soul of the man beneath, and you will be granted an indulgence of 160 days.
The slab, measuring 1.76 metres long and just under a metre wide, is the upper portion of what was once a complete funerary monument, and despite a vertical crack running from the top down through the cross-head and along one side, its carved decoration survives in considerable detail.
The centrepiece is a banded cross with a seven-armed segmented cross-head, each arm terminating in a fleur-de-lys, all cut in relief. Below the cross-head and above the horizontal band sits a three-barred knop, a small decorative boss of a type found on late medieval Irish stonework. To the lower left of the cross, a heraldic shield carries the Whyte family coat of arms, which the historian William Carrigan described in 1905 as "a chevron engrailed, between three mullets"; that is, a zigzag chevron flanked by three five-pointed star shapes. Running around the border of the slab is a Latin inscription in raised Black Letter script, the angular lettering common to formal documents and monuments of the medieval period. Parts of the text are now lost, but what survives translates as: "Here lies the discreet man Nicholas Whyt formerly... 1541. An indulgence of 160 days is granted to all who pray for his soul." The word "discreet" here carries its older meaning of prudent or distinguished, rather than the modern sense. The date 1541 places the slab in the final years of pre-Reformation Ireland, when the practice of granting indulgences, a remission of time in purgatory in exchange for prayers or pious acts, was still standard Catholic observance. Nicholas Whyt's family evidently wanted that transaction recorded in stone, and legible to anyone passing through the nave for generations to come.