Kiln - lime, Kiltenan North, Co. Limerick
Co. Limerick |
Kilns
At Kiltenan North in County Limerick, a lime kiln has been built directly into the earthen bank of a ringfort, its face sitting flush with the front of the ancient enclosure as though the two structures had always been meant to share the same wall.
The pairing is quietly odd. Ringforts, the circular enclosed settlements that dot the Irish countryside and date broadly from the early medieval period, were not designed with industrial processing in mind, yet here a later working structure has been slotted into one with a certain pragmatic confidence, borrowing the ready-made mass of the earthwork as a structural backing.
The kiln itself is a rectangular structure, roughly 5.2 metres northwest to southeast and 6.1 metres in the perpendicular direction, with its opening facing northwest. The front of the opening stands about 2.15 metres high and 2.5 metres wide, framed by a rounded red-brick arch, which helps place its construction somewhere in the post-medieval period when brick became a more common facing material in rural Limerick. Behind the arch, a recessed chamber extends approximately 2.5 metres back to a small square stoke hole, just 0.6 metres high and wide, through which fuel would have been fed to heat the limestone packed above. Lime kilns of this type were used to produce quicklime for agricultural liming, a process of spreading burnt lime across acidic land to improve soil fertility, and they were a familiar feature of the farming landscape from the seventeenth century onwards. Two buttresses support the western angle of the structure. Running behind the kiln is a sloping earthen ramp, 15 metres long and 2.6 metres wide, which crosses the interior of the ringfort itself, the means by which limestone would have been loaded into the top of the kiln from above. The record was compiled by Denis Power and uploaded in August 2011.
The top of the kiln is currently obscured by dense ivy growth, which makes a full inspection of the structure difficult and gives the whole thing a somewhat buried appearance. The site sits within an agricultural landscape and visitors should approach with care and appropriate permissions. The earthen ramp crossing the ringfort interior is worth particular attention as a detail that makes the relationship between the two features unusually legible, showing exactly how the kiln was fed and how thoroughly it colonised the older monument.