Ringfort, Callow, Co. Galway
Co. Galway |
Ringforts
On a low rise in the rolling grassland of Callow in north County Galway, a circular earthwork sits in a state of quiet collapse, its original form still just legible beneath centuries of agricultural pressure.
This is a rath, the most common type of ringfort in Ireland, a class of enclosed settlement built predominantly during the early medieval period, roughly between the fifth and twelfth centuries. Most were farmsteads, defined by one or more earthen banks and a fosse, the ditch dug to create them, enclosing a circular area where a family and their livestock would have lived. This particular example measures thirty-three metres in diameter and was once defined by two banks with a fosse running between them, a more substantial arrangement than single-banked examples and one that may reflect a degree of status or wealth on the part of its original occupants.
What survives today is partial at best. The outer bank remains visible only on the northern side, while to the south a field wall has been built directly over the original enclosing elements, flattening and obscuring what was once there. A gap three metres wide on the eastern side may be the original entrance, though it is difficult to say with certainty given the overall condition of the site. A square banked enclosure to the north-east appears to be a modern addition, unrelated to the early medieval structure. Notably, a second ringfort lies approximately a hundred and fifty metres to the east, which is a reminder that such sites rarely occur in complete isolation. Clustering of ringforts across a landscape is well documented across Ireland and often indicates that families or kin groups occupied and farmed neighbouring enclosures across generations.