Ringfort (Cashel), Garranes, Co. Cork
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Ringforts
In a grazed field on a west-facing slope in Garranes, Co. Cork, a low oval rise in the ground is all that announces one of Ireland's most common and most overlooked early medieval monument types.
What survives here is a cashel, the stone-walled equivalent of the earthen ringfort, a form of enclosed farmstead built and occupied roughly between the fifth and twelfth centuries. Thousands of these enclosures once dotted the Irish countryside, each one the centre of a family farming unit, and though many have been levelled by centuries of agriculture, this example has held its shape well enough to read in the landscape.
The enclosure measures roughly 19 metres north to south and 15 metres east to west, making it a modest but typical example of the type. Its defining feature is the collapsed stone wall that still traces the perimeter, now reduced to around 0.8 metres in height and spreading to about 3 metres in width as the stonework has tumbled and settled over the centuries. A gap of 1.2 metres in the south-eastern arc of the wall likely marks the original entrance, a south or south-east-facing doorway being a common orientation in cashels of this period, possibly chosen for shelter from prevailing westerly winds or for the benefit of morning light. The slight raising of the interior above the surrounding pasture is typical too, the result of accumulated occupation debris and the compression of material over generations of use.