Ringfort (Rath), An Choill Mhór, Co. Kerry

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Ringforts

Ringfort (Rath), An Choill Mhór, Co. Kerry

On the lower north-western slopes of a spur of the Dingle Peninsula's central mountain range, a roughly circular earthwork sits quietly above three converging river valleys.

Known as Lios an Bhunaigh, this is a univallate rath, meaning a ringfort enclosed by a single bank rather than the two or three concentric rings found at more elaborate sites. The interior measures 26.5 metres across, and the bank of earth and stone still rises to 1.31 metres on its outer face in places, though only about 0.7 metres on the interior side. It is a modest structure by any measure, yet its position is deliberate and considered, commanding views over the Owenmore valley to the north and west, and the valleys of the Scorid and Glennahoo rivers to the east.

Raths like this one were the typical homesteads of Early Medieval Ireland, roughly fifth to twelfth century, built to define a farmstead and provide some measure of enclosure for livestock and household. What survives at Lios an Bhunaigh is partially damaged: the bank in the north-west quadrant has been removed entirely. The enclosure's outline is still legible, however, preserved as a low scarp, with the interior ground level sitting slightly higher than the land outside, a common feature where centuries of occupation and the compression of earthworks have left the inner area subtly raised. The spoil dug out or cleared from the missing section of bank was not carted away; it was piled up and now forms a noticeable mound at the eastern end of the surviving bank. A gap of about 0.6 metres in the south-south-west of the bank may have been worn open gradually by animals passing through rather than representing an original entrance. The site was documented as part of the Corca Dhuibhne archaeological survey published by J. Cuppage in 1986, a systematic study of the Dingle Peninsula's considerable concentration of early monuments.

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