Ringfort (Rath), Ballincourcey, Co. Cork

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Ringforts

Ringfort (Rath), Ballincourcey, Co. Cork

Thousands of ringforts survive across Ireland, yet each one carries its own quiet particulars.

The example at Ballincourcey in County Cork sits on a south-west-facing slope in open pasture, which means it has probably been grazed around and over for centuries without anyone making much fuss about it. What distinguishes it, as with so many of its kind, is not drama but persistence: a roughly circular enclosure, measuring 36 metres north to south and 37 metres east to west, that has held its shape in the landscape for well over a thousand years.

A rath, as this type of monument is properly called, is an earthen ringfort, a form of enclosed farmstead that was typical of early medieval Ireland, broadly from around the fifth to the twelfth century. Families of some local standing would have lived within the bank and used the enclosure to protect livestock and household structures. Here, the earthen bank still stands to about two metres in height, with a shallow external fosse, a defensive ditch, running outside it, though the fosse has silted and eroded to a maximum depth of only half a metre. Two original gaps survive in the bank, one to the north-north-east at just under a metre wide and one to the south-south-west at a metre wide, most likely the original entrances through which people and animals passed daily. A third, wider break to the north-west appears to be a modern intrusion rather than an ancient feature. Inside the enclosure, a slight scarp runs across the western half on an east-west axis, a low step in the ground that may reflect the footprint of a vanished internal structure or simply the natural movement of the slope over time.

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