Ringfort (Rath), Ballyhoolahan Middle, Co. Cork

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Ringforts

Ringfort (Rath), Ballyhoolahan Middle, Co. Cork

A ringfort that no longer visibly exists above ground can still leave a remarkably legible trace.

At Ballyhoolahan Middle in County Cork, what was once a single-ramparted enclosure on a south-facing slope was levelled around 1981, yet the site has not entirely disappeared. A band of yellow grass persists in a near-perfect circle across the pasture, outlining the original circuit as clearly, in its way, as any standing bank. A slight rise in the ground still runs from the north-east to the south-east, and aerial photography has captured the whole form as a cropmark. A gap of roughly 2.6 metres to the south-south-east may represent the original entrance.

When Bowman recorded the site in 1934, the bank still stood to around five feet in height, and the interior lay some three feet higher than the surrounding field, a characteristic feature of ringforts, the enclosed farmsteads of early medieval Ireland typically used by a single family and their livestock. The enclosure measured approximately 25 by 22 yards. Ordnance Survey maps from 1842, 1904, and 1937 all show it as a circular hachured enclosure, roughly 25 metres across, though the 1842 map also marks a lime kiln, a small industrial structure for burning limestone to produce agricultural quicklime, within the south-eastern bank. By 1904 that section of the bank appears to have been altered or reduced, shown on later maps as a straight line rather than the curved hachured form. What makes the site particularly notable in its landscape context is that it is one of five ringforts clustered across five adjoining fields, suggesting a concentration of early settlement activity in this corner of north Cork that has largely passed unnoticed.

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