Ringfort (Rath), Ballynaboola, Co. Cork

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Ringforts

Ringfort (Rath), Ballynaboola, Co. Cork

What looks like an unremarkable tree-filled enclosure in a Cork pasture turns out, on closer inspection, to be a double-banked ringfort, a type of early medieval settlement that once served as a defended farmstead or the residence of a person of some local standing.

The presence of two banks rather than one was generally a marker of status in early Irish society, suggesting the occupant ranked above the ordinary farming household.

Situated roughly 300 metres south of the Garrane River in Ballynaboola, the rath is nearly circular, measuring 29.8 metres north to south and 29.5 metres east to west. Two earthen banks enclose the interior, separated by a fosse, which is the ditch dug between them, now largely waterlogged. The inner bank survives to only about 0.35 metres in height and has a break of around three metres on its southern side; the outer bank stands somewhat taller at 0.6 metres and has its own gap to the north, around 2.5 metres wide. On the southern inner face of the outer bank there is a berm, a narrow flat shelf or step between the ditch and the bank itself. Sections of the outer bank to the south-east and south have been absorbed into the modern field fence system over the centuries, and the western stretch has been reduced and planted with trees. The interior, too, is now wooded, which means the earthworks are partly obscured but also, in a way, preserved from the heavier disturbance that fully cultivated ground might have brought.

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