Ringfort (Rath), Ballynamona, Co. Cork

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Ringforts

Ringfort (Rath), Ballynamona, Co. Cork

A townland boundary runs straight through the middle of this ringfort, dividing it neatly in two, which gives some sense of how thoroughly the Irish countryside has been reorganised around, and sometimes over, its oldest features.

The rath sits in pasture on the northern slope of a low ridge above the Argideen river estuary in West Cork, and the administrative line cutting through it north to south is, in its way, a record of how much has changed since the enclosure was built.

Ringforts, or raths, are earthwork enclosures typically dating from the early medieval period, roughly the fifth to the twelfth centuries, and they were built as farmsteads surrounded by a raised bank and, often, an external ditch called a fosse. Thousands survive across Ireland in varying states of preservation. This one is roughly circular, measuring around thirty metres east to west, and it retains the basic form: a bank of earth and stone, standing about 1.2 metres high in places, with an external fosse. The western side, however, was levelled around 1983, a loss that is relatively recent and therefore particularly legible as a deliberate act rather than centuries of slow erosion. The eastern side survives more fully, though it is heavily overgrown, and a lower earthen bank, reaching about 0.8 metres, continues from the south-east around to the south. What remains is partial, split by an administrative boundary on one side and stripped flat on the other, yet the essential shape is still readable in the ground.

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