Ringfort (Rath), Ballynamuck, Co. Cork

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Ringforts

Ringfort (Rath), Ballynamuck, Co. Cork

A low circular platform rising just over a metre above the surrounding pasture, this ringfort in Ballynamuck, north Cork, is the kind of feature that rewards a second look.

Ringforts, known in Irish as raths, were enclosed farmsteads typical of the early medieval period, roughly the fifth to the twelfth centuries, consisting of a raised interior area surrounded by one or more earthen banks and ditches. This one measures approximately 28 metres north to south and 26 metres east to west, its interior gently saucer-shaped rather than flat, a common characteristic that helped with drainage on a working farmstead. A fosse, the shallow ditch that once defined the outer edge of the enclosure, survives in partial form along the southern and south-western arc, descending about 0.45 metres. To the west, the fosse has largely silted up, leaving only a gentle slope down to the base of the scarp as evidence that it ever existed.

What makes the site particularly interesting is the record of how it has changed, or appeared to change, across successive Ordnance Survey maps. On the 1842 six-inch map, the enclosure is shown as a hachured roughly circular form with a diameter of around 35 metres, the hachures being the short radiating lines cartographers used to suggest raised ground. By the 1905 revision, only an arc of hachures from the south-east around to the west is recorded, suggesting that erosion or agricultural pressure had by then reduced the visible extent of the earthwork. The 1937 map shows it again as a circular raised area with an external fosse to the south. The site sits in pasture, and a natural mound or raised area lies a short distance beyond the enclosure to the north, separate from the fort itself but close enough to have caused some ambiguity in reading the landscape.

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Pete F
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