Ringfort (Rath), Ballynaslee, Co. Kilkenny

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Ringforts

Ringfort (Rath), Ballynaslee, Co. Kilkenny

In a band of grassland caught between the flood plain of the River Nore and the steeper slopes above it, a circular earthwork sits in the kind of quiet that tends to accumulate around old things.

It is not dramatic in the way that a tower or a dolmen is dramatic, but its dimensions tell a story of deliberate effort: a ring thirty metres across, bounded by a bank of earth and stone that still stands nearly two metres high on the outside, with a fosse, or defensive ditch, running around the perimeter.

This is a rath, the Irish term for a ringfort, the most common monument type in the Irish countryside. Thousands were built across the island during the early medieval period, roughly between the fifth and twelfth centuries, and most served as enclosed farmsteads for a single family or small community. The bank and fosse combination would have provided both a physical barrier and a clear statement of territorial occupation. At Ballynaslee, the western entrance, three metres wide, is still legible despite the considerable degradation of the surrounding bank, whose crest has worn to a width of just one and a half metres. What makes this particular example quietly interesting is its immediate landscape: a small pond sits just to the north of the enclosure, and a limekiln, a simple stone structure once used to burn limestone and produce agricultural lime for improving soil, lies immediately to the south-west. The limekiln is almost certainly much later in date than the ringfort itself, but its placement so close to the monument is a reminder that these earthworks were rarely left alone by the farming communities who came after. The land kept being worked, and the old structures simply became part of the background.

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