Ringfort (Rath), Ballynultagh, Co. Wicklow
Co. Wicklow |
Ringforts
A ringfort in Ballynultagh, County Wicklow, raises an immediate puzzle: no one can find where people went in or out.
The oval enclosure, measuring roughly 47 metres on its longer axis, is defined by an earth and gravel bank with an external fosse, the term for a defensive ditch dug around a fortified enclosure, yet there is no discernible entrance anywhere along the perimeter. Most ringforts, the circular or oval farmsteads built by early medieval Irish families between roughly the fifth and twelfth centuries, preserve at least a gap or a causeway where the ditch narrows to allow passage. Here, if one ever existed, the ground has swallowed it entirely.
The site sits on a gentle east-facing slope at the eastern edge of a ridge, with the land dropping away sharply to the north. That position is characteristic of the type: elevated enough to offer a view and to drain well, but not so exposed as to be impractical for daily farming life. The enclosing bank survives to between 0.25 and 0.8 metres in height and is three to four metres wide, with a fosse some three metres across and 0.8 metres deep still legible outside it. A slight additional bank runs along the northern side, possibly offering extra protection where the slope made the site more vulnerable to approach. Attached to the western edge is a D-shaped annexe, a secondary enclosure that would typically have served as a pen for livestock or as additional working space, a common feature on more substantial ringfort sites.
What complicates the picture today is that a modern field boundary cuts straight through the centre of the site from north to south, and a second boundary follows the fosse along the southern perimeter. Agriculture has been working across and around this enclosure for long enough that the original layout has been partially obscured, which may partly explain why the entrance, if it faced east as was conventional, has become so difficult to read on the ground.