Ringfort (Rath), Ballyshehan, Co. Cork

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Ringforts

Ringfort (Rath), Ballyshehan, Co. Cork

A small earthwork in Ballyshehan, in the north of County Cork, is most clearly visible not to anyone walking the land but to anyone looking down from the air.

The ringfort here, a type of enclosed farmstead typically built between the early medieval period and around 1000 AD, survives primarily as a cropmark, that ghostly effect in which buried banks and ditches cause the vegetation above them to grow at slightly different rates, leaving the outline of a vanished structure readable in a field from altitude that would be entirely invisible at ground level.

The site has a curious double life in the historical record. On the Ordnance Survey six-inch map of 1842, it appears as a hachured circular enclosure measuring roughly fifteen metres in diameter, the standard cartographic shorthand surveyors used for earthworks of this kind. That map suggests something still physically present in the mid-nineteenth century, at least as a low earthen feature. But aerial photography tells a somewhat different and slightly larger story: the cropmark visible in photograph R525 from the Geological Survey of Ireland Air Photography collection indicates a bivallate enclosure, meaning one defined by two concentric banks and their corresponding outer ditches, with an overall diameter of around twenty metres. The discrepancy between the two measurements may reflect the difficulty of reading an eroded or overgrown monument from ground level versus the clarity that aerial survey can provide over the full extent of a feature.

Access to the site has been denied, so the cropmark evidence remains the primary means of understanding what survives. The two-ditch arrangement is notable in itself; single-bank ringforts are by far the more common form across Ireland, and a bivallate example would generally have indicated a settlement of some social standing in its day, the additional earthwork representing extra labour and, perhaps, extra status.

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