Ringfort (Rath), Ballyterrim, Co. Galway

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Ringforts

Ringfort (Rath), Ballyterrim, Co. Galway

Two ringforts within 130 metres of each other is not especially rare in Ireland, but it remains a quietly arresting fact of the landscape at Ballyterrim in County Galway, where one such enclosure sits on a gentle rise in undulating grassland and a second lies just to the north.

The one in question is subcircular in plan, measuring roughly 31 metres west-southwest to east-northeast and 30 metres north to south, which puts it at a fairly typical domestic scale for a rath. A rath is the Irish term for an earthen ringfort, the kind of enclosed farmstead that was the dominant settlement form in early medieval Ireland, roughly between the fifth and twelfth centuries. The defining bank here is degraded but legible, composed of earth and stone, and faint traces of an external fosse, a defensive ditch, survive at the north-northwest. The overall impression is of a monument that has weathered well, if not entirely intact.

The site has not escaped the ordinary pressures of agricultural land use. A field wall cuts across the monument at both the northeast and southeast, the kind of incremental encroachment that happened across Ireland as farmland was subdivided over the centuries, often without any awareness of, or concern for, what lay beneath the grass. A gap roughly two metres wide at the west-northwest may mark an original entrance through the bank, though the uncertainty is worth holding onto; gaps in ringfort banks are sometimes original, sometimes later breaches, and the distinction matters for understanding how these places were actually used and accessed by their early medieval inhabitants. What makes this particular rath worth pausing over is the proximity of its neighbour to the north, suggesting that this patch of Galway farmland was once a more densely settled place than its current quietness implies.

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