Ringfort (Rath), Banefune, Co. Cork

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Ringforts

Ringfort (Rath), Banefune, Co. Cork

Two ringforts within fifteen metres of each other is unusual enough to warrant attention, and the one sitting atop a knoll at Banefune in north Cork is the more visually arresting of the pair.

A ringfort, or rath, is a roughly circular enclosed settlement of early medieval Ireland, typically defined by an earthen bank and ditch and used as a farmstead by a single family or small community. Here, the defining feature is a scarp, essentially a sharp drop in the ground level, rising to just under a metre in height, with the land falling away steeply immediately outside it to the east and continuing that descent some four to six metres out to the north and northeast. The knoll itself does much of the defensive work that elsewhere would require more elaborate earthworks.

The circular interior measures just under twenty-five metres across on its northwest to southeast axis, and despite the wear of centuries the site retains a low earthen bank running from south-southeast to south-southwest, separated from the main scarp by a fosse, or ditch. A line of stones survives along the top of the scarp to the east-southeast, possibly the remnant of a more substantial stone element to the enclosure. Most intriguingly, there is evidence of a possible souterrain near the centre of the interior. A souterrain is an underground stone-lined passage or chamber, typically associated with ringforts and thought to have served as storage, refuge, or both. Quarrying has disturbed the site in two places, cutting into the interior to the southeast and into the natural slope to the north, so the full original extent of these features is difficult to read from the surface. The near neighbour to the south, a second ringfort just fifteen metres away, raises the question of whether these two enclosures were occupied simultaneously or sequentially, a puzzle that the ground alone cannot answer.

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