Ringfort (Rath), Bayswell, Co. Kilkenny

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Ringforts

Ringfort (Rath), Bayswell, Co. Kilkenny

What sets this ringfort apart is not just its age but an internal feature that most examples of its kind do not have.

A low bank runs north to south across the enclosed interior, dividing the space unequally, with roughly two-thirds of the area lying to the west and one-third to the east. Ringforts, or raths, are circular enclosures built predominantly in the early medieval period, typically defined by one or more earthen banks and ditches and understood to have served as enclosed farmsteads for a family and their animals. An internal division of this kind is unusual and raises questions about how the space was used and by whom.

The monument sits on top of a north to south ridge in rolling grassland near Bayswell in County Kilkenny, with lower ground falling away on both sides. Its enclosing elements are still legible: a circular interior of around 32 metres in diameter, bounded by a low wide earthen bank, then an external fosse, which is essentially a ditch dug around the outside of the main bank, and a smaller outer bank beyond that. The possible entrance appears to have been at the south-east. Some disturbance from small-scale quarrying is visible in the western quadrant. Perhaps the most quietly telling detail is the pair of banks that extend southward from the outer enclosure to meet a medieval church and graveyard situated only about 30 metres away. This physical link between the ringfort and the later ecclesiastical site suggests the ridge carried significance across more than one period, with the church community perhaps inheriting or deliberately appropriating ground that already carried meaning.

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