Ringfort (Rath), Cappagh, Co. Galway

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Ringforts

Ringfort (Rath), Cappagh, Co. Galway

On a ridge summit in Cappagh, County Galway, a roughly circular earthwork sits quietly in grassland, its form still legible after more than a thousand years.

This is a rath, the most common type of early medieval settlement monument in Ireland, typically consisting of a raised circular enclosure defined by one or more earthen banks and ditches. They were farmsteads, built by farming families between roughly the sixth and twelfth centuries, and tens of thousands once dotted the Irish countryside. Most have been ploughed away or swallowed by development. This one survives.

The enclosure measures around thirty metres in diameter and is defined by two banks with an intervening fosse, the fosse being the ditch cut between the banks, which would have added both defensive depth and provided the material to build the banks themselves. The inner bank is clearest on the north-eastern side; elsewhere the original banking has eroded down to a scarp, a gentler sloping edge rather than a distinct raised feature. The fosse and outer bank are also best preserved at the north-east, suggesting that portion has seen less disturbance over the centuries. A gap on the eastern side may represent the original entrance, which in many raths faced east, though it is impossible to be certain without excavation whether this opening is ancient or a later break in the earthwork.

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