Ringfort (Rath), Carragaun, Co. Tipperary

Co. Tipperary |

Ringforts

Ringfort (Rath), Carragaun, Co. Tipperary

Most ringforts, those circular earthwork enclosures built during the early medieval period in Ireland, were constructed as single-banked enclosures around a farmstead or dwelling.

The one at Carragaun, Co. Tipperary takes a slightly more elaborate form. It is bivallate, meaning it has two concentric banks rather than one, a feature associated with higher-status settlements and suggesting that whoever occupied this site considered themselves, or wished others to consider them, a cut above the ordinary farming household.

The fort sits on a north-west-facing slope, just below the crest of a hill in gently rolling countryside, with meadow to the north-east and pasture to the south-east. Its measurements have been recorded in some detail. The enclosure runs approximately 42 metres across in both directions, making it a reasonably substantial example of the type. The inner bank is broad at its base, nearly six and a half metres, and rises close to two and three-quarter metres on its outer face, with a flat-bottomed fosse, or ditch, cut between the two banks. That ditch is itself over two and a half metres deep, a real physical barrier rather than a symbolic one. A gap of about one and a half metres breaks the inner bank in the south-east quadrant, which likely marks the original entrance, though curiously no corresponding gap exists in the outer bank. Whether that outer entrance was simply never cut, later infilled, or located elsewhere is not clear.

The whole structure now sits within a small area of woodland, and the vegetation has largely taken over. The interior is dense with scrub on the eastern side and brambles to the west, while mature beech trees have established themselves along the top of the outer bank, their roots no doubt contributing to the erosion that has damaged the outer face of the inner bank in the south-west quadrant. The trees give the site a particular atmosphere, closing it off from the surrounding farmland and preserving, in an unintended way, a kind of separation that the original builders achieved through earth and effort alone.

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