Ringfort (Rath), Carrigagulla, Co. Cork

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Ringforts

Ringfort (Rath), Carrigagulla, Co. Cork

On a south-east-facing slope above the Laney River valley in mid Cork, a roughly circular earthwork sits quietly in pasture, its grassy banks still holding their shape after well over a thousand years.

This is a rath, the most common type of ringfort in Ireland, essentially a defended farmstead of the early medieval period enclosed by one or more earthen banks. What gives this particular example a certain character is the way its landscape still does much of the defensive work: to the north-east, the ground drops sharply down to a stream immediately outside the enclosure, adding a natural barrier that would have complemented the constructed one.

The enclosure measures roughly 42 metres north to south and just over 41 metres east to west, making it a reasonably substantial example of its type. The earthen bank rises to a maximum internal height of 1.55 metres, and beyond it lies an external fosse, a defensive ditch, still around 0.9 metres deep in places. A counterscarp bank, the low secondary bank thrown up on the outer edge of the ditch, survives along the northern and eastern arcs of the circuit. The fosse has fared less well on the southern and western sides; between the south-south-east and west-south-west it has been filled in with field clearance stones, the accumulated result of farmers picking rocks from surrounding ground over many generations. Two gaps break the main bank, one to the north-east at just under three metres wide, the other to the south-east, and both are likely to represent original entrances rather than later damage, though the heavy overgrowth makes close inspection difficult. The western side of the fosse is notably shallower than elsewhere, perhaps reflecting differences in the original construction or simply the effects of centuries of silting and slippage on a sloping site.

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