Ringfort (Rath), Carrowmore, Co. Galway

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Ringforts

Ringfort (Rath), Carrowmore, Co. Galway

On a low hill in the grasslands of Carrowmore in north County Galway, there sits a ringfort that is only half there, at least in visible terms.

The earthwork is subcircular in plan, measuring roughly 31 metres north to south and 27.5 metres east to west, and was originally defended by two concentric banks of earth and stone with a fosse, or defensive ditch, running between them. That double-bank arrangement would once have made this a fairly substantial enclosure, the kind of fortified farmstead that tens of thousands of farming families across early medieval Ireland called home. What makes this particular example quietly arresting is how selectively time has treated it: the inner form survives in fair condition, but from the north-east, sweeping around through the south and back to the south-west, the outer bank and its accompanying fosse have vanished entirely from the surface, leaving roughly half the circuit as a ghost of its former self.

Ringforts, known in Irish as raths when formed primarily from earthen banks, were the dominant settlement type in Ireland from roughly the fifth to the twelfth centuries, built as enclosed farmsteads for single family groups of varying status. A two-bank example like this one would generally indicate a household of some standing, the additional circuit of bank and ditch serving both a practical defensive function and a social signal. Whether the gap at the south-south-east represents an original entrance, as has been suggested, or is simply another point of later erosion is difficult to say without excavation. What sharpens the interest of the site further is that another ringfort lies approximately 150 metres to the south-east, a proximity that raises quiet questions about how the landscape here was organised and whether the two enclosures were ever occupied simultaneously by related or neighbouring communities.

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Pete F
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