Ringfort (Rath), Castlemehigan, Co. Cork

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Ringfort (Rath), Castlemehigan, Co. Cork

On a south-sloping hillside above Crookhaven in west Cork, a small terrace of level pasture holds what may, or may not, be the ghost of an early medieval farmstead.

The site is uncertain enough that archaeologists hedge their language carefully: arcs of earthwork and stonework suggest the enclosing bank of a rath, a type of ringfort typically consisting of a circular earthen bank and ditch enclosing a homestead, but nowhere does the full circuit survive clearly enough to settle the question. The ambiguity is part of what makes the place interesting.

The possible enclosure measures roughly 20 metres in diameter. On its southern to north-north-western side, a heavily overgrown arc was already visible on the Ordnance Survey six-inch map of 1902, which gives some confidence that it is not simply a field boundary of recent making. On the north to north-north-eastern side, a low bank survives for about six metres, modest in scale, rising less than half a metre above the surrounding ground both inside and out. More substantial is a rebuilt revetment wall on the south-south-eastern arc, standing 1.6 metres high, which appears to follow the line of an original enclosing scarp, though the rebuilding makes it hard to read. Elsewhere, the ground is uneven and the enclosing element has left no definite trace. A fern-covered mound of stones to the north complicates things further: it may be nothing more than accumulated field clearance, or it may conceal the original bank beneath it. Beneath or within the possible rath there is also a souterrain, an underground stone-lined passage or chamber of the kind commonly associated with early medieval settlement in Ireland, used variously for storage, refuge, or both. Its presence is perhaps the strongest indication that a genuine settlement once occupied this awkward hillside perch.

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