Ringfort (Rath), Cloghane, Co. Cork

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Ringforts

Ringfort (Rath), Cloghane, Co. Cork

A farm road runs straight through the middle of this one.

That alone sets it apart from the thousands of ringforts that survive across Ireland as intact, if worn, circular enclosures. Here at Cloghane in County Cork, the everyday practicalities of agricultural life have sliced directly through the monument, bisecting it north to south, with a further field boundary cutting across the eastern half for good measure. Ferns have moved in where the boundary markers left off, obscuring what remains of the eastern arc. What survives is a raised semicircular area roughly 25 metres across, enclosed by a low scarp, the earthen slope that once formed the defensive perimeter of an early medieval farmstead.

Ringforts, known in Irish as ráth or lios depending on the region and community, were the most common form of rural settlement in Ireland from roughly the sixth to the twelfth centuries. They functioned as enclosed farmsteads, their earthen banks and ditches protecting livestock and family alike. This particular example is still called "the lios" by local people, a piece of living linguistic memory that has outlasted the physical integrity of the monument itself. The scarp that remains varies considerably in height, from just five centimetres in places to as much as 75 centimetres, giving a sense of how much has been worn down or disturbed over the centuries. The site sits on a south-east facing slope with restricted views, which is a modest setting by ringfort standards; many were positioned to command wide outlooks across the surrounding land. About 100 metres to the east lies a bullaun stone, a large rock with one or more artificial basin-like depressions, objects whose precise purpose remains debated but which are frequently associated with early Christian and pre-Christian ritual activity in Ireland. The proximity of the two features may or may not be coincidental, but it gives the immediate area a quiet archaeological density that its overgrown, bisected appearance does little to advertise.

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