Ringfort (Rath), Clogher, Co. Cork
Co. Cork |
Ringforts
In the townland of Clogher in north Cork, a stretch of ordinary farmland conceals the outline of a settlement that is probably well over a thousand years old.
It sits on level ground above a south-facing slope, and to a casual eye it might read as nothing more than a slightly raised circular ridge in the pasture, but the geometry gives it away: roughly 32 metres across from north to south, and just under 32 metres east to west, a near-perfect circle drawn by people who had very particular reasons for choosing this spot.
The site is a rath, the earthen variety of ringfort, which was the dominant form of enclosed farmstead in early medieval Ireland, used roughly between the sixth and twelfth centuries. A rath typically consists of a raised bank of compacted earth enclosing a circular area, with a fosse, or ditch, dug around the outside to provide both the material for the bank and an additional line of defence or demarcation. At Clogher, the bank still stands, though it has been heavily eroded along its northern and north-eastern arc. The external fosse survives more clearly along the south-south-east to west-north-west stretch, where it reaches a depth of around 0.8 metres. The original entrance, roughly four metres wide, faces south-east, a common orientation in Irish ringforts, possibly for reasons of shelter or solar exposure. What is particularly telling about this site is what has happened to part of the fosse on its western side: the ditch has been widened and pressed into service as a laneway, running between a cottage to the north and a field to the south. The old boundary of an early medieval farmstead quietly became a practical path for later occupants, the landscape reusing itself with no particular ceremony.