Ringfort (Rath), Cloghroe, Co. Cork

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Ringforts

Ringfort (Rath), Cloghroe, Co. Cork

What survives of this early medieval settlement near Cloghroe in County Cork is, by now, not much more than a low curved bank on the eastern side of a field.

Yet that modest earthwork, rising to about a metre in height, is the remnant of a ringfort, the most common type of early medieval enclosure in Ireland. Ringforts, sometimes called raths when they are earthen rather than stone-built, were typically the enclosed farmsteads of a single family or small farming community, their circular banks and ditches serving as a boundary against livestock, neighbours, and the general uncertainties of early medieval life.

The site's gradual disappearance can be traced with unusual clarity through successive Ordnance Survey maps. In 1842, surveyors recorded an oval enclosure of roughly 30 metres north to south and 20 metres east to west, marked in the convention of the time with hachures indicating a raised or banked form. By 1904, the enclosure had become nearly circular and measured around 20 metres in diameter, suggesting either that the ground had shifted or that the earlier mapping carried some imprecision. By 1937, only an arc to the east remained visible. The land has been in tillage throughout much of this period, and ploughing over generations is the most straightforward explanation for the progressive loss of the bank. What began as a substantial enclosure was reduced, decade by decade, to the single curved section that can still be traced today.

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