Ringfort (Rath), Coolbane By.), Co. Cork
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Ringforts
Most ringforts were simply left alone over the centuries, protected as much by folklore and superstition as by any formal designation.
This one in Coolbane, on a north-facing slope in West Cork, was not so fortunate. Around 1960, the circular enclosure was levelled, most likely as agricultural land was consolidated and improved across rural Ireland in the post-war decades. What survives is an arc of the original earthen bank, running from the south-west to the north-west, now absorbed into a field fence. That surviving section still stands to an external height of 3.4 metres and retains its stone facing on the inside, giving some sense of the original structure's solidity.
Ringforts, sometimes called raths when they are earthen rather than stone-built, were the typical farmstead enclosure of early medieval Ireland, roughly the fifth to twelfth centuries. They served as defended homesteads, with the bank and ditch deterring livestock raiders rather than armies. This particular example carries a local tradition of a souterrain in its interior. A souterrain is an underground passage or chamber, usually built from stone, associated with early medieval settlement sites and thought to have served as storage space or a place of refuge. Whether that underground feature was disturbed when the enclosure was levelled in 1960, or whether it persists beneath the pasture, is not recorded.