Ringfort (Rath), Coolbeg, Co. Galway
Co. Galway |
Ringforts
On a ridge in the pastureland of Coolbeg in County Galway, an early medieval enclosure survives in a state that is quietly instructive about how such places disappear.
The site is a rath, the Irish term for a ringfort, which was typically a circular or near-circular earthwork enclosing a farmstead during the early medieval period, roughly 500 to 1000 AD. Thousands were built across Ireland, and many have been lost to agriculture, development, or simple neglect. This one is still present, but only partially.
The earthwork is subcircular in plan, measuring approximately 40 metres north to south and 30 metres east to west. It was originally defined by two banks with a fosse between them, a fosse being a ditch dug to reinforce the defensive or boundary character of the enclosure. The inner bank remains visible along a good portion of its circuit, from the north around through the east to the southwest, though in places the boundary survives only as a scarp, a slope in the ground rather than a built-up bank. The outer fosse and outer bank are traceable on the western side. A gap on the northeast may be a modern intrusion rather than an original entrance. Most significantly, local information indicates that the outer bank was removed in recent years, reducing what had been a double-banked enclosure to something considerably less complete. That kind of incremental loss is common with earthwork sites on agricultural land, where field improvement or drainage work can quietly erase features that survived for over a millennium.