Ringfort (Rath), Cooldurragha, Co. Cork

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Ringforts

Ringfort (Rath), Cooldurragha, Co. Cork

Sitting quietly in a field of pasture in north Cork, this double-banked ringfort in Cooldurragha is easy to walk past without fully registering what you are looking at.

The circular enclosure measures roughly 35 metres east to west and 33 metres north to south, enclosed not by one earthen bank but two, with a fosse between them. A fosse is simply a ditch, dug to provide both a physical barrier and the material to raise the banks on either side. That two-bank arrangement, known to archaeologists as a bivallate rath, marks this out as a slightly more elaborate example of its type. Most ringforts across Ireland have a single bank; a double circuit generally suggests the occupant had more reason than average to invest in their own security, or perhaps more resources to do so.

Ringforts, or raths, were the dominant settlement form in early medieval Ireland, roughly from the fifth to the twelfth centuries, and several thousand survive across the country in varying states of preservation. This one retains its inner bank to a height of around 0.8 metres on the interior face and 0.45 metres on the exterior, surviving from the south-west around to the east-south-east, with a scarp, a slope rather than a formed bank, making up the rest of the circuit. The outer bank, standing to about 0.6 metres, survives from the east around to the north. Inside, the ground is grass-covered and rises gently towards the centre, a characteristic profile that sometimes results from centuries of undisturbed accumulation. Towards the southern edge of the interior, just inside the inner scarp, there is a shallow circular depression about seven metres across. Depressions of this kind within ringfort interiors can point to the site of a sunken structure, a souterrain, or simply to natural settling of the ground over a long period.

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