Ringfort (Rath), Curragh, Co. Cork
Co. Cork |
Ringforts
A field in Curragh, Co. Cork, holds the ghost of a structure that was already ancient when it was first mapped in 1842.
Ordnance Survey cartographers recorded it then as a hachured circular enclosure roughly 40 metres across, and again in 1904. By 1939, the same maps showed it slightly differently, as a circular area of around 30 metres diameter enclosed by a fosse, the term for the ditched earthwork that typically surrounds a rath or ringfort. Then, around 1978, the landowner levelled it. What had survived millennia did not survive the late twentieth century.
Ringforts, known variously as raths or lios depending on regional usage, are among the most common early medieval monument types in Ireland, typically dating from roughly the fifth to the twelfth centuries. They served as enclosed farmsteads, the surrounding bank and ditch defining both a working boundary and a social statement about the family within. The Curragh example appears to have been a fairly modest specimen, its interior defined by two banks, and aerial photography has since revealed crop marks suggesting an outer bank as well, a detail invisible from ground level. Crop marks of this kind appear in dry summers when buried earthworks affect how grass and grain grow above them, leaving pale or dark outlines readable only from the air. The combination of the historical map sequence and the aerial evidence gives a reasonably detailed picture of a site that now presents itself as little more than a shallow depression with a low rise on either side, sitting quietly in pasture on a south-facing slope.
