Ringfort (Rath), Curraghscarteen, Co. Tipperary
Co. Tipperary |
Ringforts
Most ringforts announce themselves readily enough in the Irish landscape, their circular banks rising from fields or hillsides with quiet authority.
The one at Curraghscarteen in County Tipperary is more complicated. It sits on flat, level ground with a stream running along its south-western edge, and three-quarters of it have effectively vanished, absorbed into the ordinary grammar of farm drainage and field division. Only the north-western quadrant still carries any legible trace of what was once a substantial enclosure.
What survives suggests the original structure was considerable. A ringfort of this type, known as a rath, is a roughly circular enclosure defined by earthen banks and ditches, used in early medieval Ireland as a farmstead or settlement for a family of some local standing. This one was bivallate, meaning it had two concentric rings of defences rather than the more common single ring. Its diameter was approximately ninety metres, which places it at the larger end of the scale. The inner bank, round-topped and earthen, measured over four metres wide; beyond it lay a flat-bottomed fosse, a defensive ditch, and then a second outer bank of earth and stone. There may also have been an outer fosse, though field boundaries have obscured its full extent. The damage is incremental and agricultural: banks and ditches dug to carry run-off from nearby springs have cut across the monument, a pond has formed along the line of the original earthworks in the north-eastern quadrant, and a field boundary running roughly east to west now transects the site. South of that boundary, nothing is visible at ground level at all.