Ringfort (Rath), Dunbell Big, Co. Kilkenny

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Ringfort (Rath), Dunbell Big, Co. Kilkenny

What is striking about the rath at Dunbell Big is not the monument itself, so much as its company.

Within roughly 170 metres of open County Kilkenny countryside, there are at least three separate enclosures, clustered in a way that suggests this was once a place of some organised, sustained occupation rather than an isolated farmstead. The rath in question is a multivallate enclosure, meaning it was defined by two concentric earthen banks rather than a single ring, giving it an interior diameter of around 40 metres and an overall spread of roughly 75 metres. That double-bank arrangement typically signals higher status or an additional need for defence, though the specifics of who lived here, and when, have not survived in the record.

The site appears on the first edition Ordnance Survey six-inch map of 1840, and again on the revision carried out between 1899 and 1902, which suggests it was still a legible feature in the landscape well into the nineteenth century. The antiquarian J. G. A. Prim, writing in 1872 to 1873, identified a further enclosure approximately 30 metres to the west, and mapped the wider complex. A second bivallate enclosure, a rath defined by two banks, sits about 140 metres to the south. Aerial photographs taken in 1967 and 1989 have helped document the group, as cropmarks and earthworks that are invisible at ground level can sometimes be read clearly from above. Today, the main enclosure is heavily overgrown with trees and scrub, and a deep quarry has been cut into the ground roughly 20 metres to the east, which has altered the immediate setting considerably.

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