Ringfort (Rath), Egmont, Co. Cork
Co. Cork |
Ringforts
What looks today like an ordinary patch of Cork pasture was, for well over a century of cartographic record, something quite different: a clearly legible ringfort, one of the thousands of circular earthwork enclosures that dot the Irish countryside and that were used, broadly across the early medieval period, as defended farmsteads.
The particular interest here is partly in the site itself and partly in the fact that we can watch it disappear across successive maps, until it vanishes altogether from the ground.
Ordnance Survey maps from 1842 and 1937 both show the enclosure as a hachured circle, the conventional shorthand cartographers used for earthwork features. The 1905 edition is slightly more informative, recording a roughly circular area of around 25 metres in diameter, bounded by a fosse, which is essentially a defensive ditch, and an outer bank. This made it a bivallate ringfort, meaning one with two concentric lines of enclosure rather than one, a form generally associated with households of somewhat higher status. Local information places its destruction at around 1974, when the earthworks were levelled and a cattle pen was built in the north-western quadrant of the site. Despite this, the ringfort has not entirely ceased to exist. Aerial photography has revealed its plan as a cropmark, the phenomenon where buried ditches and banks cause differential growth in overlying vegetation, making the old fosses faintly legible from above even when nothing remains at ground level. The aerial record also shows the outer fosse running into a corresponding feature belonging to a second, levelled ringfort immediately to the south, suggesting the two sites sat in close proximity, possibly in some relationship with one another.
There is little for a visitor to see on the ground now, the earthworks having been thoroughly erased. The cropmarks are only visible from the air under the right conditions, typically during a dry summer when soil moisture differences become pronounced. The site sits on a south-facing slope in pasture land, and while its physical form is gone, its position on that gentle gradient, facing the sun, is a reminder that the people who built here were making practical choices about shelter and drainage that were far from accidental.