Ringfort (Rath), Garrane, Co. Cork

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Ringforts

Ringfort (Rath), Garrane, Co. Cork

In the bank of this oval earthwork on the lower slopes of Bweeng Mountain, there may be a souterrain: an underground stone-lined passage, typically used in early medieval Ireland for storage or refuge.

That provisional detail, the word "possible" carrying a quiet weight of archaeological caution, is part of what makes this ringfort worth pausing over. The earthwork itself is modest in scale, roughly thirty metres north to south and twenty-two metres east to west, enclosed by an earthen bank and a fosse, the surrounding ditch that was once dug to reinforce the enclosure's defences. Ringforts of this kind, known as raths when built of earth, were the standard farmstead type across Ireland from roughly the fifth to the twelfth centuries, and thousands survive in various states of repair. This one has been put to further use by the landscape around it.

The fosse on the southern side survives reasonably well, though elsewhere it has been reduced to little more than a gentle slope toward the base of the bank. More conspicuously, it has been used as a dump for large boulders and field clearance stones, the accumulated work of generations of farmers pushing rocks to the margins of their land. A limekiln, a stone structure once used to burn limestone into quicklime for agricultural use, appears on the Ordnance Survey six-inch map of 1842, and its trace still survives as an indentation in the northern face of the outer bank, now cut off from the exterior by a later stone wall. By 1934, when Bowman recorded it in print, the site was on land belonging to a D. Twomey, and was described then as an oval double-ramparted fort measuring twenty-three yards by nineteen. The discrepancy between that earlier description of double ramparts and what survives today suggests the bank to the north-northeast has slumped and spread into the fosse over time, softening what was once a sharper profile.

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