Ringfort (Rath), Gneeves, Co. Cork
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Ringforts
On a hillbrow in Gneeves, north Cork, a ringfort has been quietly disappearing for well over a century.
A ringfort, or rath, is a roughly circular enclosure defined by one or more earthen banks and ditches, typically dating to the early medieval period and used as a farmstead. At Gneeves, the bank has been levelled to the point where only a low arc of rising ground, sweeping from north-northeast to south-southeast, hints at the original circuit. What makes this particular site a little stranger than a typical levelled example is the spread of charcoal and burnt stones lying just outside the enclosure line to the north-northeast, measuring roughly eleven metres by four. Whether this deposit relates to the fort itself or to later agricultural activity is not recorded, but it sits there unexcavated, accumulating questions.
The 1842 Ordnance Survey six-inch map shows the enclosure clearly, drawn with the hachured markings cartographers used to indicate earthworks, and gives a diameter of approximately thirty-five metres. By the time the OS revisited the area for the 1905 and 1936 editions, a lime kiln had appeared in what would have been the northwest bank, a lime kiln being a stone-built furnace used to burn limestone into quicklime for spreading on farmland. The fort's own material, in other words, may well have been cannibalised to feed agricultural improvement. When Bowman recorded the site in 1934, he measured it at around forty-one yards in diameter and noted it as already levelled, identifying it as land then belonging to a Mrs. Cronin. By 1975, an aerial photograph still showed a legible circular cropmark, demonstrating that even heavily disturbed earthworks can leave traces readable from altitude long after they have vanished at ground level. Today, no surface trace of the lime kiln survives either, leaving only that faint arc in the pasture grass.